Relativsätze vertieft
Example
- Der Kollege, dessen neues Projekt gerade startet, ist kaum erreichbar.The colleague whose new project is just starting is almost unreachable.
Rule
wo(r) + preposition, was after indefinite words and continuative relative clauses: the building blocks for complex but clear sentence structures.Practise
dessen and deren
The genitive relative pronoun depends on the antecedent: dessen for masculine and neuter, deren for feminine and plural. A following adjective is declined strong because dessen/deren shows no ending.
- Der Kollege, dessen neues Projekt gerade startet, ist kaum erreichbar.The colleague whose new project is just starting is almost unreachable.
- Die Firma, deren Chef zurückgetreten ist, sucht Ersatz.The company whose boss has resigned is looking for a replacement.
- Die Methode, mit deren Hilfe wir die Daten auswerten, ist neu.The method with the help of which we evaluate the data is new.Präposition + deren
deren or derer?
derer is not a relative pronoun but a demonstrative pronoun in the genitive plural that points to a following relative clause: die Zahl derer, die ….
- Die Zahl derer, die mit dem Velo zur Arbeit fahren, nimmt zu.The number of those who cycle to work is increasing.
- Wir danken allen, deren Beiträge diesen Band ermöglicht haben.We thank all those whose contributions made this volume possible.
Preposition + relative pronoun or wo(r)-?
With people, always preposition + pronoun. With things, preposition + pronoun is better in written language. wo(r)- is obligatory when the relative clause refers to das, alles, etwas, nichts or a whole sentence.
| Bezug | Anschluss | Beispiel |
|---|---|---|
| Person | Präp. + der/die/das | die Kollegin, mit der ich arbeite |
| Sache | Präp. + Pronomen (besser) / wo(r)- | das Thema, über das (worüber) wir sprachen |
| etwas, nichts, alles, das | wo(r)- + Präp. | Es gibt nichts, worüber ich mich beklage. |
| ganzer Satz | wo(r)- + Präp. | Er hat bestanden, worüber sich alle freuen. |
was instead of das
was is used after indefinite words (alles, nichts, etwas, vieles, manches), after nominalised superlatives (das Beste, das Einzige) and when the relative clause refers to the whole preceding sentence.
- Das ist das Einzige, was wir noch tun können.That is the only thing we can still do.
- Vieles, was sie gesagt hat, stimmt.Much of what she said is true.
- Die Sitzung wurde verschoben, was niemanden überraschte.The meeting was postponed, which surprised nobody.weiterführend
Free relative clauses and wo
Free relative clauses with wer and was have no antecedent. When the cases differ, the main clause needs a demonstrative pronoun. As a relative adverb, wo refers to places; in standard language never to people.
- Wer zu spät kommt, den bestraft das Leben.Life punishes those who come too late.Nominativ / Akkusativ
- Was sie vorschlägt, findet meist breite Zustimmung.What she proposes usually meets with broad approval.was: Nom. = Akk., daher ohne das
- Bern ist die Stadt, wo ich studiert habe.Bern is the city where I studied.
Common mistakes
dessen/deren depends on the antecedent (die Firma), not on the following noun.alles, nichts, etwas, was is used.was is used.wo for people is Swiss German and southern German, but not standard language.wo(r)-, but preposition + relative pronoun.Quick check · 3 questions
Got the rule? Try three questions; the full test is below.
Where you stand on this topic
- Studied
- Succeeding
- Sticking
Your turn: write a sentence with this topic
The assistant corrects it and explains why. It’s a suggestion; if unsure, check the rule above.
Done with this step?
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