Irreale Bedingungssätze
Example
- Wenn ich mehr Zeit hätte, würde ich einen Kurs besuchen.If I had more time, I would take a course.
Rule
wenn + Konjunktiv II you describe what would be if reality were different.Practise
Present: wenn + Konjunktiv II
Both parts of the sentence are in the subjunctive. In the subordinate clause usually the short form, in the main clause often würde.
- Wenn ich mehr Zeit hätte, würde ich einen Kurs besuchen.If I had more time, I would take a course.
- Wenn ich du wäre, würde ich nachfragen.If I were you, I would ask.
- Wenn er besser Deutsch könnte, hätte er die Stelle bekommen.If he could speak better German, he would have got the job.
Past: hätte/wäre + participle
For a missed opportunity, the past Konjunktiv II is used. You need this form constantly to express regret.
- Wenn ich das gewusst hätte, wäre ich nicht gekommen.If I had known that, I wouldn't have come.
- Wenn wir früher losgefahren wären, hätten wir den Zug erreicht.If we had left earlier, we would have caught the train.
- Das hätte ich nicht gedacht.I wouldn't have thought that.
Without wenn
You can leave out wenn — then the sentence begins with the verb. This sounds elevated and you will mostly meet it in texts.
- Hätte ich das gewusst, wäre ich nicht gekommen.Had I known that, I would not have come.
- Wäre er pünktlich gewesen, hätten wir angefangen.Had he been on time, we would have started.
Polite advice
An deiner Stelle würde ich … is the friendliest way to give advice — it does not prescribe anything to anyone.
- An deiner Stelle würde ich die Chefin fragen.If I were you, I would ask the boss.
- Ich würde vorschlagen, dass wir warten.I would suggest that we wait.
Common mistakes
wissen forms the perfect with haben, so hätte.haben würde; in standard language, especially in writing, the own form hätte is used in the wenn clause.Quick check · 3 questions
Got the rule? Try three questions; the full test is below.
Where you stand on this topic
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Your turn: write a sentence with this topic
The assistant corrects it and explains why. It’s a suggestion; if unsure, check the rule above.
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