Partizipialattribute
Example
- die seit Wochen laufenden Verhandlungenthe negotiations that have been going on for weeks
Rule
Practise
Partizip I and Partizip II
Partizip I (-end) is active and simultaneous, Partizip II is passive and completed. Both are declined like adjectives.
| Relativsatz | Partizipialattribut | Typ |
|---|---|---|
| die Kosten, die steigen | die steigenden Kosten | Partizip I |
| das Verfahren, das läuft | das laufende Verfahren | Partizip I |
| die Unterlagen, die geprüft wurden | die geprüften Unterlagen | Partizip II |
| der Antrag, der gestellt wurde | der gestellte Antrag | Partizip II |
Extended attributes
The attribute can bring its own complements. They stand between the article and the participle — the hardest place in German syntax for learners.
- die seit Wochen laufenden Verhandlungenthe negotiations that have been going on for weeks
- der von der Kommission geprüfte Antragthe application reviewed by the commission
- die im letzten Jahr deutlich gestiegenen Kostenthe costs that rose significantly last year
Partizip I with zu
zu + Partizip I expresses necessity in the passive — the most concise form of muss … werden.
- die zu erledigenden Aufgabenthe tasks to be completed
- der zu prüfende Antragthe application to be reviewed
- die nicht zu unterschätzenden Risikenthe risks that must not be underestimated
When it is better to leave it
In conversation, long attributes seem clumsy. There the relative clause is the better choice — condensing belongs in written texts.
- Die Unterlagen, die wir gestern geprüft haben, sind vollständig.The documents that we checked yesterday are complete.gesprochen
- Die gestern geprüften Unterlagen sind vollständig.The documents checked yesterday are complete.geschrieben
Common mistakes
die requires -en.zu form is also declined.Quick check · 3 questions
Got the rule? Try three questions; the full test is below.
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Your turn: write a sentence with this topic
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